GRUB - Knowledge Base Archives - Hivelocity Hosting https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/tag/grub/ Dedicated Servers, Private Cloud & Colocation Mon, 18 Dec 2023 21:49:23 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6 How do I reinstall the boot loader? https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-do-i-reinstall-the-boot-loader-2/ https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-do-i-reinstall-the-boot-loader-2/#respond Sat, 13 Nov 2010 08:15:51 +0000 https://kb.hivelocity.net/?p=1071 In many cases, the GRUB boot loader can mistakenly be deleted, corrupted, or replaced by other operating systems. The following steps detail the process on how GRUB is reinstalled on the master boot record: Boot the system from an installation boot medium. Type linux rescue at the installation boot prompt to enter the rescue environment. …

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In many cases, the GRUB boot loader can mistakenly be deleted, corrupted, or replaced by other operating systems.
The following steps detail the process on how GRUB is reinstalled on the master boot record:

  • Boot the system from an installation boot medium.
  • Type linux rescue at the installation boot prompt to enter the rescue environment.
  • Type chroot /mnt/sysimage to mount the root partition.
  • Type /sbin/grub-install /dev/hda to reinstall the GRUB boot loader, where /dev/hda is the boot partition.
  • Review the /boot/grub/grub.conf file, as additional entries may be needed for GRUB to control additional operating systems.
  • Reboot the system.

 

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How do I convert an ext2 file system to an ext3 File System? https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-do-i-convert-an-ext2-file-system-to-an-ext3-file-system-2/ https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-do-i-convert-an-ext2-file-system-to-an-ext3-file-system-2/#respond Sat, 13 Nov 2010 07:56:21 +0000 https://kb.hivelocity.net/?p=1037 The tune2fs program can add a journal to an existing ext2 file system without altering the data already on the partition thus converting an ext2 file system to an ext3 file system. To convert an ext2 file system to ext3, log in as root and type: /sbin/tune2fs -j where is an appropriate file system such …

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The tune2fs program can add a journal to an existing ext2 file system without altering the data already on the partition thus converting an ext2 file system to an ext3 file system.

To convert an ext2 file system to ext3, log in as root and type:
/sbin/tune2fs -j
where is an appropriate file system such as /dev/hda6

After doing this, change the partition type from ext2 to ext3 in the /etc/fstab file for that partition.

Note: If you are converting your root file system, you must use an initrd image (or RAM disk) to boot. To create this, run the mkinitrd program. For information on using the mkinitrd command, type man mkinitrd. Also, make sure your GRUB configuration loads the initrd. If you fail to make this change, the system still boots, but the file system is mounted as ext2 instead of ext3.

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Change the default kernel that boots from GRUB https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-to-change-the-default-kernel-that-boots-from-grub/ https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/how-to-change-the-default-kernel-that-boots-from-grub/#respond Tue, 09 Nov 2010 11:15:15 +0000 https://kb.hivelocity.net/?p=556 The GRUB configuration file can be found in /boot/grub/. [root@root /boot/grub]# ls -la grub.conf menu.lst -rw——- 1 root root 1037 Oct 28 11:41 grub.conf lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11 Jan 1 2003 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf If grub.conf does not exist then simply edit menu.lst which should be a file instead of a symlink to grub.conf. …

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The GRUB configuration file can be found in /boot/grub/.

[root@root /boot/grub]# ls -la grub.conf menu.lst
-rw——- 1 root root 1037 Oct 28 11:41 grub.conf
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11 Jan 1 2003 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf
If grub.conf does not exist then simply edit menu.lst which should be a file instead of a symlink to grub.conf.

Here is an example configuration:

# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda3
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-37.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-37.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-32.0.1.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.0.4.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.0.4.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.0.4.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.0.2.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.0.2.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.0.2.EL.img
The default line is the line we want to change. The first title is 0. So if I wanted title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.0.2.EL) to be the default kernel I would set defualt= to 4.
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda3
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=4
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-37.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-37.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-32.0.1.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.0.4.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.0.4.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.0.4.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.0.2.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.0.2.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.0.2.EL.img

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